Feeding swine requires providing a nutritionally balanced diet, often a premixed feed that is high in energy and protein, with the specific needs changing as the pig grows. A balanced diet should include essential nutrients like water, carbohydrates, fats, and specific amino acids such as lysine, which is crucial for growth. Pigs need different rations based on their life stage, and the transition between feeds should be gradual to avoid digestive issues. 

 

General feeding principles​

• Lysine is a critical amino acid for swine growth, and diets must be balanced for it

• Water: Always provide access to clean, fresh water, as water intake directly correlates with feed intake

• Transitioning feeds:  To change feeds, gradually mix the new feed with the old over a two- to three-week period to avoid digestive challenges

• Nutritional needs:  Pigs need a high-energy, low-fiber diet with ample protein, minerals, and vitamins

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Feeding by life stage

• Piglets (under 40 lbs): Start with "creep pellets" and a starter diet rich in protein and nutrients. Supplementing with sources like fish meal or milk can be beneficial for young pigs to aid growth

• Growing/Finishing pigs (40+ lbs): Transition from grower feeds to finisher feeds as they reach market weight. Finisher feeds are typically less nutrient-dense with less protein than grower feeds

• Breeding sows/gilts: Dry and pregnant sows generally need a maintenance ration, while lactating sows need extra feed for each piglet they are nursing. Breeding animals also require increased levels of calcium and phosphorus

• Boars: Provide a maintenance amount of feed, with an increase if the boar is frequently used for breeding

• Grains:  Corn is a common base for pig feed, but it must be supplemented with protein sources because it is deficient in certain amino acids

• Protein sources:  Soybean meal is a good source of essential amino acids, and other ingredients like canola meal, peas, or fish meal can also be used

• Supplements:  Commercially available premixes for vitamins and minerals are a convenient way to ensure a balanced diet